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Background, Terminology and Benefits. Accreditation and Recognition Process. The following statements describe self-care activities related to your diabetes. Thinking about your self-care over the last 8 weeks, please specify the extent to which each statement applies to you. Applies to me very much Applies to me to a consider-able degree Applies to me to some degree Does not apply to me 1.
I check my blood sugar levels with care and attention. The food I choose to eat makes it easy to achieve optimal blood sugar levels. I take my diabetes medication e. Occasionally I eat lots of sweets or other foods rich in carbohydrates. I record my blood sugar levels regularly or analyse the value chart with my blood glucose meter. I do regular physical activity to achieve optimal blood sugar levels. I strictly follow the dietary recommendations given by my doctor or diabetes specialist.
I do not check my blood sugar levels frequently enough as would be required for achieving good blood glucose control. I avoid physical activity, although it would improve my diabetes. I tend to forget to take or skip my diabetes medication e. Regarding my diabetes care, I should see my medical practitioner s more often.
I tend to skip planned physical activity. My diabetes self-care is poor. Open in a separate window. Glycaemic control Glycated haemoglobin values were used as indicator of glycaemic control. Results Study 1: Development of the 16 item scale In order to perform the item selection, patients were assessed with the preliminary set of 37 items.
Study 2: Evaluation of the 16 item scale The psychometric properties of the final 16 item version of the DSMQ were assessed in patients. Table 2 Characteristics of the study sample. Item characteristics and reliability Item analyses revealed a mean item difficulty of Table 3 Distribution of scores, item difficulties, scale-correlations, internal consistency in case of deletion, and correlations with HbA 1c of the DSMQ items.
Extraction method: Principal component analysis. Rotation method: Varimax. DSMQ vs. Discussion and conclusions The purpose of this investigation was to describe the development of the DSMQ study 1 and evaluate its psychometric properties study 2. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
References Spellman CW. Achieving glycemic control: cornerstone in the treatment of patients with multiple metabolic risk factors. J Am Osteopath Assoc. Glycemic control and macrovascular disease in types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus: Meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am Heart J. Global Task Force on Glycaemic Control. Intensive glucose therapy and clinical implications of recent data: a consensus statement from the Global Task Force on Glycaemic Control.
Int J Clin Pract. Methodological issues in diabetes research. Measuring adherence. Diabetes Care. The impact of initiatives in education, self-management training, and computer-assisted self-care on outcomes in diabetes disease management.
Diabetes Technol Ther. Health Psychol. Addressing the needs of patients with multiple chronic illnesses: the case of diabetes and depression. Am J Manag Care. A biopsychosocial model of glycemic control in diabetes: stress, coping and regimen adherence.
J Health Soc Behav. Depression and diabetes treatment nonadherence: a meta-analysis. Differentiating symptoms of depression from diabetes-specific distress: relationships with self-care in type 2 diabetes.
Longitudinal analysis of depressive symptoms and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. The relationship between diabetes distress and clinical depression with glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes distress but not clinical depression or depressive symptoms is associated with glycemic control in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Depression and poor glycemic control: a meta-analytic review of the literature. Interaction of depressive symptoms and diabetes-related distress with glycaemic control in Type 2 diabetic patients. Diabet Med. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.
J Pers Soc Psychol. Depression-related hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes: a mediational approach. Psychosom Med. In: Handbook of Psychology and Diabetes: a guide to psychological measurement in diabetes research and practice. Chur BC, editor. Switzerland: Harwood Academic; Social-environmental factors in diabetes: Barriers to diabetes self-care; pp. Assessing diabetes self-management: the summary of diabetes self-care activities questionnaire; pp.
The psychometric testing of the diabetes health promotion self-care scale. J Nurs Res. Evaluation of the Diabetes Self-Care Scale. J Appl Meas. The summary of diabetes self-care activities measure: results from 7 studies and a revised scale. Are current psychometric tools suitable for measuring outcomes of diabetes education?
Psychometric analysis of diabetes self-care scale translated and adapted to Portuguese Acta Med Port. Psychometric properties of a Korean version of the summary of diabetes self-care activities measure. Int J Nurs Stud. Questionnaire of Diabetes Self-Care Activities: translation, cross-cultural adaptation and evaluation of psychometric properties. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. The validity and reliability of a Spanish version of the summary of diabetes self-care activities questionnaire.
Nurs Res. Turkish validity and reliability of the summary of diabetes self-care activities measure for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Nurs. Adherence to insulin treatment, glycaemic control, and ketoacidosis in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Audit and Research in Tayside Scotland.
Medicines Monitoring Unit. Adherence to insulin and its association with glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Relationship of oral antihyperglycemic sulfonylurea or metformin medication adherence and hemoglobin A1c goal attainment for HMO patients enrolled in a diabetes disease management program.
J Manag Care Pharm. Medication adherence and associated hemoglobin A1c in type 2 diabetes. Ann Pharmacother. Measurements of medication adherence in diabetic patients with poorly controlled HbA 1c Diabet Med. Low glycaemic index, or low glycaemic load, diets for diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. The use of low-glycaemic index diets in diabetes control. Br J Nutr. Metabolic control, residual insulin secretion and self-care behaviours in a defined group of patients with type 1 diabetes.
Ups J Med Sci. DPV Initiative. Is the frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose related to long-term metabolic control? Multicenter analysis including 24, patients from centers in Germany and Austria. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are not using insulin.
Meta-analysis of the benefits of self-monitoring of blood glucose on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients: an update. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in non-insulin treated patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Med Res Opin. The value of self-monitoring of blood glucose: a review of recent evidence.
J Diabetes Complications. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in noninsulin-using type 2 diabetic patients: right answer, but wrong question: self-monitoring of blood glucose can be clinically valuable for noninsulin users. Challenging evidence and assumptions: is there a role for self-monitoring of blood glucose in people with type 2 diabetes not using insulin? Effects of exercise on glycemic control and body mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials.
Green stripe is an indication of normal blood glucose level, whereas a red stripe indicates that you have abnormal blood glucose level. If your glucose level lies between normal and abnormal range, it is displayed by orange colored stripe. Apart from this, it also plots a graph with respect to the entered data automatically.
By default, it displays the graph of last 7 days, but you can sort it as last 14 days, last 90 days, last 3 years, last 5 years, and so on.
If you want to view the graph of all your entries, click Graph All Data. NOTE : The free version of this software supports ads. Diabetes Analyzer is a free diabetes management software for Windows 10 PC. Download and install this Windows 10 app on your PC and keep record of your blood glucose data. On the home screen of this free app, there is a blank box for entering the value of blood glucose level.
To manage your diabetic record, what you have to do is first measure your blood glucose level with the help of the available instrument and enter it in the empty box. After entering the value, select the type of meal, i. Just below this menu, there is another drop down menu, which lets you select the before and after of these meals.
For example, if I measured my blood glucose level before lunch, then I select Before Lunch from the drop down menu. At last, select the date and time on which you measured your blood glucose level.
Finally, click submit button. It then saves your entered record. Diabetes Management is a very simple diabetes software, which calculates the amount of glycated hemoglobin in your blood. You have to just enter your blood glucose value of last 90 days and click Guess HbA1c button, it will then display the percentage of glycated hemoglobin in your blood.
But if the amount of glycated hemoglobin is too low or too high, it does not displays the percentage value, instead, it displays the message LO and HI for that.
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